What does a GFCI circuit breaker detect?

A GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) circuit breaker is specifically designed to detect current leaks to the ground. It monitors the amount of current flowing through the hot and neutral wires. Under normal conditions, the current flowing through these wires should be equal. If there is a difference, even as small as 4 to 6 milliamperes, it usually indicates that some current is escaping, potentially posing a shock hazard to individuals or leading to electrical fires.

This function is crucial in environments where electrical equipment is used near water, as the risk of electrical shock increases significantly. By tripping and cutting off the current flow almost instantaneously when a fault is detected, GFCI breakers help enhance safety and prevent injury.

This unique function sets GFCI circuit breakers apart from devices that detect voltage spikes, overloads in the circuit, or short circuits, which have their own specific detection mechanisms.